Briefly, DPI quoted in the image file doesn't in itself make much difference and is primarily used to determine what the image thinks should be its full size. If you print at a different size then the DPI will not be the DPI figure quoted. What is important is the image resolution and the size that you print it at - the DPI on printing will merely be a consequence of the two, i.e. pixel length of the image divided by 18, or pixel width of the image divided by 12.
I believe that one rule of thumb is that the resulting DPI should be no less than 150, and ideally somewhat more than that. Others with greater knowledge of these things than I should be able to give you more guidance!